FAMILY:  Tridacnidae

 

NAME: Tridacna gigas - Giant clam

Data provided courtesy of Aquaculture/Fisheries Center,  University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff - (Dr. Peter Perschbacher)

 

DISTRIBUTION:

Indo-pacific region in clear shallow waters.

HABITS:

Brightly colored mantle will harbors large number of symbiotic dinoflagellates. These organisms will contribute to the nutrition of the clam to a large extent. Also they aid in the calcification. Symbiotic brown algae (Zooxanthellae) will produce carbohydrates directly in to the shell of the clams. Nitrogenous waste is consumed by the algae.

SPAWNING:

Highly fecund producing around 500 million eggs released on a single day. They are hermaphrodites and become mature at 3-3.5 years of age. Spawning usually take place in summer. Larval drifting will last for few weeks.

GROWTH:

Believed to live for 30 years. Time required for reaching 4 inches is not clear but afterwards to reach about 32 inches is 12 years. May reach 20 inch and 13 lbs in 5-7.5 years.

USES:

Used for food. Delicacy in certain parts of the world. Shell is beautiful and has got potential markets.

CULTURE:

Strong markets in Japan, Taiwan and China suggests for the potentials of this species for the aquaculture. 100 tons per acre is the expected yield. It is a disadvantage that it will take three years to reach marketable size. But it does have some advantages that there is no expenditure on feed. They can be bred in captivity and there is an additional market potential for the shells.

REFERENCES:

Barley, R.D. 1988. Farming the giant clam. World Aquaculture 20(1): 6-17.

Coplant, J.W., and J.S. Lucas, eds. 1988. Giant clams in Asia and Pacific. Canberra, Australia: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research.

Munro, J.L., and G.A. Heslinga. 1983. Prospects for the commercial cultivation of giant clams (Bivalvia : Tridacnidae). Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 35: 122-134.

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